The term food additive is a generic term for a wide variety of
substances which are not usually foods in themselves, but which are
added to food products for specific purposes. They range from the well
recognized (vitamin D in milk), to the obscure (butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) in baked goods). Although their use is very common today, they
are somewhat of a mystery to many consumers.
Additives fulfill many beneficial functions in foods. They help to preserve the quality; improve the taste, texture, consistency, and color; and increase the nutritional value of foods. However, for many consumers, additives connote a negative image. This is why some food manufacturers emphasize the fact that a particular product contains no artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. Indeed, the safety of some additives is questionable. For these additives, many people believe that the risks outweigh any benefits.
In the United States, the use of food additives is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA is responsible for approving additives, for deciding what foods they may be used in, and for determining the amount that may be used. Prior to FDA approval, all additives require rigorous scientific testing in order to demonstrate that they are safe at the intended level of use. The burden of proving the safety of a particular additive falls on its manufacturer. Thus, the manufacturer foots the bill for testing. Since scientific knowledge and testing methods continue to improve, the FDA periodically conducts safety reviews of all additives.
The primary reasons for using food additives are to maintain consistency and texture, maintain or improve nutritional quality, maintain palatability and wholesomeness, provide leavening, control acidity, enhance flavor, and enhance color. Many additives could probably be avoided if we still grew all our own food, preserved it ourselves, prepared everything from scratch, and were willing to accept increased risks of food spoilage. However, most people have come to rely on the many benefits provided by additives, particularly convenience. For many foods, additives make it possible to have year-round availability of large quantities of quality products.
Additives fulfill many beneficial functions in foods. They help to preserve the quality; improve the taste, texture, consistency, and color; and increase the nutritional value of foods. However, for many consumers, additives connote a negative image. This is why some food manufacturers emphasize the fact that a particular product contains no artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives. Indeed, the safety of some additives is questionable. For these additives, many people believe that the risks outweigh any benefits.
In the United States, the use of food additives is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA is responsible for approving additives, for deciding what foods they may be used in, and for determining the amount that may be used. Prior to FDA approval, all additives require rigorous scientific testing in order to demonstrate that they are safe at the intended level of use. The burden of proving the safety of a particular additive falls on its manufacturer. Thus, the manufacturer foots the bill for testing. Since scientific knowledge and testing methods continue to improve, the FDA periodically conducts safety reviews of all additives.
The primary reasons for using food additives are to maintain consistency and texture, maintain or improve nutritional quality, maintain palatability and wholesomeness, provide leavening, control acidity, enhance flavor, and enhance color. Many additives could probably be avoided if we still grew all our own food, preserved it ourselves, prepared everything from scratch, and were willing to accept increased risks of food spoilage. However, most people have come to rely on the many benefits provided by additives, particularly convenience. For many foods, additives make it possible to have year-round availability of large quantities of quality products.




